CGRP Education & Research Forum
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Additive benefits of anti-CGRP therapy and botulinum toxin in chronic migraine

Adding CGRP monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to onabotulinumtoxinA treatment reduced monthly headache days (MHDs), improved migraine-related disability scores and was well tolerated with no new safety signals. These were the conclusions from a retrospective chart review of 300 patients with chronic migraine treated at a single US clinic site with > 2 consecutive cycles of onabotulinumtoxinA …

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Safety of anti-CGRP therapy during COVID-19 pandemic

Using anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) does not increase the risk of COVID-19, or worsen prognosis in those who get the infection, according to recently published data from the Spanish CGRP-COVID Study Group. Of 300 patients with migraine recruited through a Spanish Society of Neurology survey, 51.7% (155/300) were treated with anti-CGRP monoclonal MAbs. Of the …

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Retrospective analysis supports erenumab in trigeminal neuralgia

Improved pain scores and mood have been reported by patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) who were treated with erenumab. Nine out of 10 patients diagnosed with TN and treated with erenumab for six months reported improvement in pain severity according to a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) from 0 to 10, and in global mood. …

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Long term data support eptinezumab safety and improved quality of life for patients

Two-year data for eptinezumab 300 mg i.v. demonstrate a favourable safety profile, limited long-term immunogenicity, early and sustained reductions in migraine-related burden, and improvements in health-related quality of life, conclude the authors of the newly published PREVAIL study. Results were reported from the Phase 3 open label study of 128 adults with chronic migraine who …

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Aimovig (erenumab) available on NHS in England and Wales

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has confirmed that erenumab can be prescribed for migraine prevention free of charge on the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales. Physicians may consider erenumab 140 mg as an option for migraine prevention in adults who have four or more migraine days a month …

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Discovery of CGRP role in migraine recognised in Brain Prize 2021

CGRP Forum Editor, Peter Goadsby, and Editorial Board Member, Lars Edvinsson, are two of the four recipients of the prestigious Brain Prize 2021 for their pioneering work on CGRP as a cause of migraine. The award, made annually by the Lundbeck Foundation, honours scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the field of neuroscience. “It …

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New insights on structure and dynamics of CGRP receptor

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) research has shed new light on the binding and activation mechanism of the CGRP receptor, contributing to greater understanding of the progression of the molecular events that lead to migraine. The research, led by researchers at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, and published in Science, show how the binding of CGRP to the …

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COVID-19 vaccination: no need to reschedule anti-CGRP treatment

Patients using CGRP monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) do not need to delay treatment when they are scheduled to have COVID-19 vaccination as there is no evidence that COVID-19 vaccines affect CGRP MAb efficacy or that CGRP MAbs affect vaccine efficacy. These are the conclusions of a recent editorial in Headache1 which also says that there is …

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Five-year efficacy and safety data for erenumab published

Five-year data on the efficacy and safety of erenumab in the prevention of episodic migraine have been published in the European Journal of Neurology.1 In the five-year, open-label extension of a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 250/383 (65.3%) patients switched from erenumab 70 mg to erenumab 140 mg, and 215 (56.1%) completed treatment. Mean reduction in …

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Reassuring safety of anti-CGRP therapies in pregnancy but ongoing surveillance needed

No specific maternal toxicities, patterns of major birth defects, or increased reporting of spontaneous abortion were found in safety reports retrieved from the WHO Pharmacovigilance database up to the end of 2019. However, continuous surveillance is required in pregnant and lactating women exposed to these drugs owing to the relatively limited number of adverse drug …

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Unexpected lack of effect of COVID-19 lockdown on migraine in patients taking anti-CGRP therapies

Patients taking anti-CGRP therapies did not experience more migraines or reduced quality of life during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, according to results of an observational study of 147 participants, 105 with chronic migraine (CM) and 42 with episodic migraine (EM). During the first month of lockdown (T-lock) monthly migraine days (MMDs) were reduced from 10.5 …

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Galcanezumab quality of life benefits similar in Japanese and Caucasian patients

Improvements in health related quality of life (QoL) in Japanese patients with episodic migraine treated with galcanezumab are comparable to those seen in global studies of mainly Caucasian patients. Results of a prespecified analysis of data from a Phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 40 Japanese centres showed significantly greater improvements in Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life …

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Reversion from chronic to episodic migraine persists during long term erenumab treatment

Over nine out of 10 patients who revert from chronic to episodic migraine (EM) after 12 weeks of erenumab are likely to maintain their episodic status after a further 12 months of treatment, according to post-hoc data from an early Phase 2 trial.1,2 Among 181 patients who completed 64 weeks of erenumab, 98 (54.1% [95% …

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Potential advantages of targeting both CGRP and PACAP in chronic migraine and post-traumatic headache

Inhibiting both CGRP and PACAP signalling in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons may be more effective in treating chronic migraine (CM) and post-traumatic headache (PTH) than targeting individual signalling pathways. This is the conclusion of researchers whose preclinical research has demonstrated that recurring migraine episodes alter the strength of CGRP and PACAP signalling in TG neurons. …

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Nurtec (rimegepant) Phase 2/3 data in migraine prevention published

Results of a Phase 2/3 study (NCT03732638) showing that oral rimegepant 75 mg every other day is effective for migraine prevention are published today in The Lancet.1 Top-line data from the study were reported earlier this year.2 An efficacy analysis of data from 695 participants (rimegepant=347, placebo=348) showed that rimegepant was superior to placebo for …

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NICE recommends Aimovig (erenumab) use on NHS after appeal

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended erenumab as an option for migraine prevention free of charge on the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales.1 This overturns a previous decision against erenumab’s availability on the NHS,2 and it is expected that the new decision will be confirmed by the …

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Dual blockade of meningeal nociceptors demonstrated with atogepant/ onabotulinumtoxinA combination

Combining atogepant and onabotulinumtoxinA has been shown to inhibit high-threshold (HT) and wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons through dual blockade of the Aδ and C classes of meningeal nociceptors. In a preclinical study, single-unit recordings were obtained of HT and WDR neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and cortical spreading depression was then induced following pretreatment with …

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NICE confirms Emgality (galcanezumab) availability on NHS

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has confirmed that Emgality (galcanezumab) can be prescribed for migraine prevention free of charge on the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales. The drug can be prescribed to patients with episodic or chronic migraine who have four or more migraine days a month and …

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Erenumab demonstrates central effects in patients with migraine

Erenumab appears to have central as well as peripheral effects, according to new data from a functional imaging study in patients with migraine before and after erenumab treatment. In the fMRI study on 27 patients with migraine, erenumab 70 mg resulted in a decrease in activation in the right thalamus (contralateral to the stimulated side), …

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Erenumab superior to topiramate in migraine prevention

Top line results from the Phase 4 HER-MES study of erenumab versus topiramate have demonstrated the superiority of erenumab in migraine prevention. Erenumab had a superior tolerability and efficacy profile compared to topiramate, with fewer discontinuations during the double-blind, 24-week treatment phase. Erenumab also showed superior efficacy, with a greater proportion of patients achieving a 50% reduction in their …

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Increase in plasma CGRP levels after longer term erenumab treatment

Circulating CGRP levels have been shown to increase by about 40% in patients taking erenumab for at least six months. New data, published in the The Journal of Headache and Pain, support the possibility that long term blockade of CGRP receptors may induce an increase in systemic CGRP levels via a classical upregulation mechanism. However, …

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NICE makes broad migraine recommendation for Emgality (galcanezumab) on NHS

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended that Emgality (galcanezumab) can be prescribed free to patients with episodic or chronic migraine in England and Wales. The final appraisal document recommends that galcanezumab can be used for preventing migraine in adults who have four or more migraine days a month and have …

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Long-term fremanezumab data show sustained efficacy and tolerability

Quarterly and monthly fremanezumab are well tolerated and demonstrate sustained improvements in monthly migraine days, headache days, and headache-related disability for up to 12 months. These are the findings from a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study which compared the effects of dosing schedules in 1890 adults with chronic migraine (CM) or episodic migraine (EM), most of …

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Chronic cluster headache data support off-label use of anti-CGRP therapy

Real world data from German centres support off-label use of anti-CGRP therapy in chronic cluster headache (CCH),1 despite previous disappointing clinical trial results.2 In 22 patients with CCH who had tried a mean 6.5+2.4 preventive medicines, the average number of weekly attacks was 23.3+16.4 at baseline and significantly decreased by -9.2+9.7 in the first month …

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Vypeti (eptinezumab) shows efficacy during migraine attacks

  Starting Vyepti (eptinezumab) during a migraine attack significantly reduces time to freedom from headache pain and absence of most bothersome symptom compared to placebo, according to top-line results from the RELIEF study. Significant improvements were also seen in secondary endpoints, including pain freedom and absence of most bothersome symptom at 2 hours after the …

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HALO data support quality of life and productivity benefits of fremanezumab

Fremanezumab significantly improved migraine-specific quality of life, overall health status, patients’ global impression of change with treatment, and productivity in patients with chronic migraine. This was the conclusion from the latest analysis of data from the placebo controlled HALO CM study which investigated the efficacy and safety of quarterly and monthly fremanezumab. In the study …

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STRIVE shows efficacy of erenumab in women with menstrual migraine

Women with a history of menstrual migraine respond as well to erenumab as other patients with migraine, according to results of a post hoc, subgroup analysis of the phase 3 STRIVE study in episodic migraine. Of 814 women enrolled in STRIVE, 232 (28.5%) reported a history of menstrual migraine and were ≤ 50 years old. …

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Erenumab shows promise in highly refractory migraine

Promising real-life data have been reported with erenumab in patients with highly refractory migraine. Those with episodic migraine (EM) had tried at least five approved preventive medications and those with chronic migraine (CM) had tried at least six. Reasons for stopping previous therapies were lack of efficacy, adverse effects, or contraindications. Data collected on 100 …

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Phase 3 ADVANCE data support atogepant in migraine prevention

Once-daily, oral atogepant significantly reduced mean monthly migraine days (MMDs) at 12 weeks, according to top-line data from the Phase 3 ADVANCE trial in episodic migraine. Results show that mean MMDs were reduced from baseline by 3.69, 3.86 and 4.2 days with atogepant 10 mg, 30 mg or 60 mg respectively, compared to 2.48 days …

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Erenumab reduces intensity and frequency of cluster headache

Erenumab has been shown to reduce cluster headache (CH) frequency and intensity in a small case series of five patients with both migraine without aura and CH. All patients had failed on previous preventive treatments and showed good results for both migraine and CH following treatment with erenumab 70 or 140 mg. CH improvements occurred …

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Erenumab shows promise in post-traumatic headache

Patients with post-traumatic headache (PTH) responded well to erenumab 140 mg in a single-arm, open label study, reported in The Journal of Headache and Pain. Eighty nine of 100 patients treated a mean 59 months after their brain injury completed the 12-week study of erenumab 140 mg monthly. Mean monthly headache days of moderate to …

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NICE publishes Ajovy (fremanezumab) guidance for NHS use

Doctors in England and Wales can now prescribe Ajovy (fremanezumab) for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults, free of charge on the NHS. This follows publication of guidance by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).1 NICE has recommended fremanezumab for patients with chronic migraine (>15 headache days per month for more …

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Ajovy (fremanezumab) approved for migraine prevention in Canada

Ajovy (fremanezumab) has been approved by Health Canada for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults who have at least four migraine days per month. The indication is in line with that for Aimovig (erenumab) and Emgality (galcanezumab) which are currently approved for prescription in Canada. The Ajovy approval was supported by data from two …

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Phase 2 vazegepant study proposed in COVID-19

Vazegepant, the intranasal, small molecule CGRP receptor antagonist, is expected to enter a Phase 2 study to investigate its effects in mitigating the excessive immune response seen in patients with pulmonary complications of COVID-19 disease. The proposed study which is to be carried out by vazegepant developer, Biohaven, in collaboration with Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, …

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US migraine experts urge easier access to anti-CGRP therapies during COVID-19 crisis

Leading US migraine specialists have called on insurance providers to eliminate prior authorisation and step therapy requirements for migraine treatment during the COVID-19 crisis and enable easier access to anti-CGRP therapies for appropriate patients. In an editorial accepted for publication in Headache, Dr Christina Szperka and colleagues suggest that, at such a difficult time, patients …

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Nurtec (rimegepant) shows benefits in migraine prevention

Oral rimegepant 75 mg every other day significantly reduces monthly migraine days compared to placebo in patients with episodic or chronic migraine, according to results of a pivotal Phase 3 trial reported by Biohaven. The company now plans to submit rimegepant for regulatory approval for preventive treatment of migraine with the aim of it becoming …

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New research underlines CGRP role in trigeminal neuralgia

With early studies of anti-CGRP therapy underway in trigeminal neuralgia (TN), newly published research supports a role for CGRP in the pathophysiology of the disease and for CGRP inhibition in the analgesic mechanism of botulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) in TN. In a pilot study completed by 45/47 patients with classical TN and 30/47 matched healthy controls, plasma CGRP levels …

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Galcanezumab as an option after botulinum toxin failure

A post hoc analysis of galcanezumab data from the EVOLVE-1, EVOLVE-2 and REGAIN trials suggests that the CGRP antibody may be a useful next step for patients with migraine who fail to respond to onabotulinumtoxinA preventive therapy. Pooled data from 2886 patients with episodic or chronic migraine included 129 patients who failed onabotulinumtoxinA, with most …

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Could GLP-1 agonists help patients with anti-CGRP therapy related constipation?

Measurement of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 metabolite levels in patients taking anti-CGRP therapies could provide useful insights into whether GLP-1 supplementation may benefit those with treatment-associated constipation. This suggestion comes in a letter from leading Danish migraine researchers published in the Journal of Headache and Pain.1 Previous research has demonstrated CGRP-induced GLP-1 secretion and …

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Vazegepant moves towards Phase 3 trial in acute migraine

The intranasal CGRP antagonist, vazegepant, is expected to enter a Phase 3 clinical trial for the acute treatment of migraine after non clinical and Phase 2 issues were successfully addressed with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biohaven, which is developing the drug, expects to advance the 10 mg dose of intranasal vazegepant into …

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NICE recommends Ajovy (fremanezumab) use on NHS in England

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended approval for Ajovy (fremanezumab) for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults on the NHS in England.1 This means that up to 10,000 people may benefit from treatment. The draft guidance recommends that fremanezumab can be used for preventing chronic migraine in people who …

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Emgality (galcanezumab) refused EU approval for episodic cluster headache

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has refused a licence extension for Emgality (galcanezumab) for the prevention of episodic cluster headache.1 The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), which advises the EMA, said that the single study used to support the application “did not show clearly that Emgality is effective for preventing attacks” in …

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Nurtec ODT (rimegepant) receives US approval for acute migraine treatment

Nurtec ODT (rimegepant) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. Nurtec ODT is formulated as a rapidly disintegrating tablet and the recommended dose is 75 mg taken orally. This is also the maximum recommended dose during a 24-hour period. The …

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US report supports likely cost effectiveness of ubrogepant and rimegepant

The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) has concluded that, in patients with moderate-to-severe migraine for whom triptans are not effective, not tolerated or contraindicated, ubrogepant and rimegepant do not exceed commonly accepted thresholds for cost effectiveness in the USA. In a new report, ICER – a US independent non-profit research organisation that reports …

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Vyepti (eptinezumab) approved for migraine prevention in USA

Vyepti (eptinezumab) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults and will be available in April 2020. The recommended dose is 100 mg iv every three months, though some patients may benefit from a dose of 300 mg iv. The approval was supported by …

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Galcanezumab data published for chronic cluster headache

The failure of galcanezumab to significantly improve outcomes for patients with chronic cluster headache (cCH) suggests a distinct biology for the disease and underlines the significant unmet need for safe, effective, and well-tolerated preventive treatment. These are the conclusions of investigators reporting results of the Phase 3, 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of galcanezumab in cCH.1 …

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NICE to re-examine decision to reject Aimovig (erenumab) use on NHS in England

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is to consider data related to the cost effectiveness of Aimovig (erenumab) in patients with chronic migraine who have failed treatment with botulinum toxin or when the toxin is contraindicated.1 This follows an appeal against NICE guidance issued last year to reject all use of erenumab …

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US patients to get autoinjector for Ajovy (fremanezumab)

US patients will soon be able to administer Ajovy (fremanezumab) through an autoinjector instead of a syringe. This follows US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the device to be used with fremanezumab for migraine prophylaxis. “Ajovy is the only FDA-approved anti-CGRP that offers the flexibility of quarterly (675 mg) or monthly (225 mg) …

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Positive top-line fremanezumab results for migraine prevention in Japanese studies

Preliminary results from two Phase 2/3 trials of fremanezumab in Japan have indicated that primary endpoints were achieved with statistical significance versus placebo in patients which chronic migraine and episodic migraine. Improvements versus placebo were also shown for secondary endpoints. No clinically significant adverse events were observed in patients who received fremanezumab. Fremanezumab is being …

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Ajovy (fremanezumab) prescription agreed for migraine prophylaxis in Scotland

Ajovy (fremanezumab) can be prescribed on the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland for patients with chronic or episodic migraine who have failed on three or more preventive treatments, following a decision from the Scottish Medicines Commission (SMC).1 The ruling is based on the results of three phase 3 studies showing superiority of fremanezumab over …

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